Which statement is NOT a typical ground for disciplinary action?

• A. Incompetence.
• B. Gross misconduct.
• C. Violation of ethics.
• D. High student test scores.

Answer: (D)

Disciplinary action in education is about behaviors that fail to meet professional standards, not about positive outcomes. Incompetence signals a lack of necessary knowledge or skills to perform duties effectively, and that is a common reason for discipline. Gross misconduct refers to serious, unacceptable behavior that violates professional norms or laws, clearly justifying action. Violation of ethics breaches the codes that govern how professionals should act, which is a direct basis for disciplinary measures. High student test scores indicate successful teaching and compliance with expectations, so they do not constitute a typical ground for discipline.